First, let’s review how to use modal verbs. In Use of English 1-2, we practiced using should (not), ought (not) to, might, and could to give suggestions. Here are ten modal verbs in English:

  • can
  • could
  • may
  • might
  • shall
  • should
  • will
  • would
  • must
  • ought to

To use Modal Verbs correctly, follow these rules:

  • They do not change forms like other verbs:
    • go, goes, went, gone / look, looks, looked, looked.
  • There is no do / does in the question forms.
    • Can you give me a hand?
  • There is no don't / doesn't in the negative forms.
    • He shouldn't do that.
  • They are always followed by a base form verb. Ought to is the only exception as it takes to or not to before the verb.
    • We would help you with your application if we had time.
    • She mustn't vote for him!
    • We ought to get all of our community members together.
  • They do not usually have past or gerund forms. Other verbs are used instead.
    • I hate having to pay taxes. (must)
    • I was able to get in contact with my community centre. (can)

Modal Verbs of Ability

Can, can’t/cannot

We use the modal verb can to express present and future ability.

  • She can always find something fun to do.
  • The Director can see you tomorrow.
  • I can’t / cannot understand this form.
  • I can’t / cannot take my citizenship test tomorrow.

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Exercise

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