The present perfect tense is formed using: subject + verb 'have' + past participle
The verb 'have' changes depending on the subject, but the past tense verb at the end always stays the same, regardless who the subject is. For example:
| Subject | Verb 'have' | Past Participle |
| I, You | have | lived here for three years. |
| He, She, It | has | |
| We, You, They | have |
We can also use the present perfect to make negative sentences using: subject + verb 'have' + not + past participle
| Subject | Verb 'have' | Not | Past Participle |
| I, You | have | not | watched that movie before. |
| He, She, It | has | ||
| We, You, They | have |
Most past participles are the same as the simple past form, made by adding '-ed' to the end of the verb. However, there are many verbs that don't follow this rule. These are called irregular past participles. Here are some examples of the most commonly used irregular verbs.
| Verb | Simple Past | Past Participle |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| be | was/were | been |
| take | took | taken |
| see | saw | seen |
| get | got | gotten |
| buy | bought | bought |
| begin | began | begun |
| choose | chose | chosen |
| ride | rode | ridden |
| know | knew | known |
| go | went | gone |
Irregular past participles are used the exact same way as regular past participles are.
Exercise
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