Some

  • some
  • something
  • someone
  • somebody
  • somewhere

Any

  • any
  • anything
  • anyone
  • anybody
  • anywhere

No

  • no
  • nothing
  • no one
  • nobody
  • nowhere

The most basic rule is that some or some~ are used in affirmative sentences. Any or any~ are used in negative sentences and questions. Both some and any can be used with count and uncount nouns.

  • I would really like some water.
  • I would really like somebody to take my order.
  • I know somewhere great for the picnic.
  • He doesn't have any money.
  • We don't know anything about that restaurant.
  • Did you go anywhere last night?

Some or some~ are used in requests, offers, and invitations. They are used in any kind of question that we expect the answer to be yes - for example in offers and requests.

  • Have I met you somewhere before? (Expect the answer to be yes)
  • Would you like something to eat? (Offer: Expect the answer to be yes)
  • Did someone eat my cake? (Expect the answer to be yes)
  • Can we go somewhere and talk in private? (Request: Expect the answer to be yes)
  • Would you like to come with me and get something to eat? (Invitation: Expect the answer to be yes)

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