Past modals are used very similarly to present and future modals. The past modals are:

  • may
  • might
  • could
  • should
  • must

Sentences with past modal verbs are formed using:

Subject Modal Have Past Participle
I, You, He, She, It, We, You, They should have packed an extra sandwich for lunch. I'm so hungry!

We can also use past modals to make negative sentences.

Subject Modal Not Have Past Participle
I, You, He, She, It, We, You, They could not have done any better on that test. It was so hard!

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Exercises

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