Reducing Relative Clauses

~ing Form

~ing form clauses can replace both defining and non-defining relative clauses with an active verb as long as the subject is the same in both clauses.

  • The people who were sitting at the back couldn't see or hear anything.
    • The people sitting at the back couldn't see or hear anything.
  • The people who I was sitting beside at the back couldn't see or hear anything.
    • The people sitting beside me at the back couldn't see or hear anything.

~ed Form

If the relative clause contains a passive verb, both the relative pronoun and auxiliary verb, "be" can be omitted.

  • The area which was chosen for re-development runs along the Fraser River.
    • The area chosen for re-development runs along the Fraser River.

Participle Clauses Used as Adverbials


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