This speaking lesson focusses on skills related to 

  • pronunciation
  • voiced and unvoiced consonants
  • ed-endings

Past tense verbs, participles and adjectives with with an -ed ending are pronounced with three different final consonant sounds: 

  1. /t/
  2. /d/
  3. /Id/

1. Final consonant sound /t/

In words with a voiceless consonant directly before the ed-ending, the final consonant is pronounced with a /t/ sound  

  • P: stopped
  • K: tricked
  • F: laughed
  • S: trussed
  • ʃ: kissed
  • tʃ: brushed
  • θ: frothed

2. Final Consonant /d/

In words with a voiced consonant directly before the ed-ending, the final consonant is pronounced with a /d/ sound 

  • B: clubbed  
  • G: begged
  • V: loved  
  • Z: dozed, raised
  • M: jammed  
  • Ng: banged
  • L: called  
  • R: bored
  • ð: clothed,   
  • dz: judged

3. Final Consonant /Id/

In words with  /t/ or /d/ consonant directly before the ed-ending, the final consonant is pronounced with a /Id/ sound 

  • /t/: visited 
  • /t/: edited 
  • /d/:  ended 
  • /d/: clouded 

Review

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