doctor and patient

A: What's the best way to go there?

B: Let's look at the map and find out.

Inversion: Auxiliary Before Subject

Normally, the auxiliary verb (or modal verb) goes before the subject in questions. This word order is called "inversion".

  Inversion Word Order in Questions
They have seen the movie. Have they seen the movie?
She is staying with her sister until tomorrow. Is she staying with her sister until tomorrow?
We can use his car. Can we use his car?
You are doing homework. Are you doing homework?
She has already gone home. Has she already gone home?
It will rain tomorrow. Will it rain tomorrow?

If there is no other auxiliary verb, we use do, does, or did to form a question:

soccer

You like soccer.

  • Do you like soccer?
at night

He had a great time last night.

  • Did he have a great time last night?
raining

It rains a lot in this city.

  • Does it rain a lot in this city?

Subject Questions: No Inversion

When who, what, which, whose, how many, etc. are the subject of the question, we do not use inversion:

  Questions without Inversion
Steve went to the party. Who went to the party?
13 people are sitting in the room. How many people are sitting in the room?
Radiators keep engines cool. What keeps engines cool?
The body shop is making so much noise. What is making so much noise?
My car is sitting outside. Whose car is sitting outside?
Best Buy sells that computer. Which store sells that computer?

We use question words as the subject of the question because we are asking for the subject (or information about the subject):

Asking for the Subject Asking for the Object
Who asked? Who did you ask?
Who is singing? What is she singing?
What happened? What did you do?

Prepositions

It is common for a preposition to come at the end of a question:

  • Where did you come from?
  • What is he talking about?
  • What is Michael interested in?
  • What are you good at?
  • Who do you live with?

Negative Questions

The auxiliary of a question can be negative. Be careful of the form:

Contracted Form: Auxiliary Verb + n't + Subject

Long Form: Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Not

friends talking

Why didn't you call me last night?

Why did you not call me last night?

tourist

Where hasn't she been in the world?

Where has she not been in the world?

company employees

Who haven't you met yet?

Who have you not met yet?


Declarative Questions

Declarative questions are used when the speaker wants to make sure of something or express surprise. Declarative questions do not use inversion:

cooking

A: I'm a vegetarian.

B: Seriously? You don't eat meat at all? (Expressing surprise)

dinner

A: Mike and I are going out for dinner.

B: Okay. I'll stay home.

A: You don't want to come with us? (Making sure)

couple talking

A: I'm from France.

B: Really? You're from France? I thought you were from Germany! (Expressing surprise)


Exercise

Open the exercise to begin the activity. Follow the instructions in the document.

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